Edema

Edema is swelling caused by excess fluid building up in the body's tissues. In older adults it most often appears in the lower legs, ankles, and feet, where gravity encourages fluid to pool — especially after long periods of sitting or standing.

Why it matters

Mild edema can cause achy, heavy, tired legs and make shoes and socks feel tight. Graduated compression socks gently squeeze the legs — firmest at the ankle, looser toward the knee — to support circulation and reduce pooling. Elevating the legs and staying active also help.

An important caution

Edema can sometimes signal an underlying condition affecting the heart, kidneys, veins, or circulation. New, sudden, painful, or one-sided swelling should be evaluated by a doctor. And firm (20–30 mmHg) compression isn't right for everyone — check with a healthcare provider before using it, especially with diabetes or peripheral arterial disease.